ProtocolontheAccessionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

中文譯文參見：《中華人民共和國加入WTO議定書》

Preamble

TheWorldTradeOrganization("WTO"),pursuanttotheapprovaloftheMinisterialConferenceoftheWTOaccordedunderArticleXIIoftheMarrakeshAgreementEstablishingtheWorldTradeOrganization("WTOAgreement"),andthePeople"sRepublicofChina("China"),

RecallingthatChinawasanoriginalcontractingpartytotheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade1947,

TakingnotethatChinaisasignatorytotheFinalActEmbodyingtheResultsoftheUruguayRoundofMultilateralTradeNegotiations,

TakingnoteoftheReportoftheWorkingPartyontheAccessionofChinaindocumentWT/ACC/CHN/49("WorkingPartyReport"),

HavingregardtotheresultsofthenegotiationsconcerningChina"smembershipintheWTO,

Agreeasfollows:

PartI-GeneralProvisions

1.General

1.Uponaccession,ChinaaccedestotheWTOAgreementpursuanttoArticleXIIofthatAgreementandtherebybecomesaMemberoftheWTO.

2.TheWTOAgreementtowhichChinaaccedesshallbetheWTOAgreementasrectified,amendedorotherwisemodifiedbysuchlegalinstrumentsasmayhaveenteredintoforcebeforethedateofaccession.ThisProtocol,whichshallincludethecommitmentsreferredtoinparagraph342oftheWorkingPartyReport,shallbeanintegralpartoftheWTOAgreement.

3.ExceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisProtocol,thoseobligationsintheMultilateralTradeAgreementsannexedtotheWTOAgreementthataretobeimplementedoveraperiodoftimestartingwithentryintoforceofthatAgreementshallbeimplementedbyChinaasifithadacceptedthatAgreementonthedateofitsentryintoforce.

4.Chinamaymaintainameasureinconsistentwithparagraph1ofArticleIIoftheGeneralAgreementonTradeinServices("GATS")providedthatsuchameasureisrecordedintheListofArticleIIExemptionsannexedtothisProtocolandmeetstheconditionsoftheAnnextotheGATSonArticleIIExemptions.

2.AdministrationoftheTradeRegime

(A)UniformAdministration

1.TheprovisionsoftheWTOAgreementandthisProtocolshallapplytotheentirecustomsterritoryofChina,includingbordertraderegionsandminorityautonomousareas,SpecialEconomicZones,opencoastalcities,economicandtechnicaldevelopmentzonesandotherareaswherespecialregimesfortariffs,taxesandregulationsareestablished(collectivelyreferredtoas"specialeconomicareas").

2.Chinashallapplyandadministerinauniform,impartialandreasonablemannerallitslaws,regulationsandothermeasuresofthecentralgovernmentaswellaslocalregulations,rulesandothermeasuresissuedorappliedatthesub-nationallevel(collectivelyreferredtoas"laws,regulationsandothermeasures")pertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,trade-relatedaspectsofintellectualpropertyrights("TRIPS")orthecontrolofforeignexchange.

3.China"slocalregulations,rulesandothermeasuresoflocalgovernmentsatthesub-nationallevelshallconformtotheobligationsundertakenintheWTOAgreementandthisProtocol.

4.Chinashallestablishamechanismunderwhichindividualsandenterprisescanbringtotheattentionofthenationalauthoritiescasesofnon-uniformapplicationofthetraderegime.

(B)SpecialEconomicAreas

1.ChinashallnotifytotheWTOalltherelevantlaws,regulationsandothermeasuresrelatingtoitsspecialeconomicareas,listingtheseareasbynameandindicatingthegeographicboundariesthatdefinethem.ChinashallnotifytheWTOpromptly,butinanycasewithin60days,ofanyadditionsormodificationstoitsspecialeconomicareas,includingnotificationofthelaws,regulationsandothermeasuresrelatingthereto.

2.Chinashallapplytoimportedproducts,includingphysicallyincorporatedcomponents,introducedintotheotherpartsofChina"scustomsterritoryfromthespecialeconomicareas,alltaxes,chargesandmeasuresaffectingimports,includingimportrestrictionsandcustomsandtariffcharges,thatarenormallyappliedtoimportsintotheotherpartsofChina"scustomsterritory.

3.ExceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisProtocol,inprovidingpreferentialarrangementsforenterpriseswithinsuchspecialeconomicareas,WTOprovisionsonnon-discriminationandnationaltreatmentshallbefullyobserved.

(C)Transparency

1.Chinaundertakesthatonlythoselaws,regulationsandothermeasurespertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,TRIPSorthecontrolofforeignexchangethatarepublishedandreadilyavailabletootherWTOMembers,individualsandenterprises,shallbeenforced.Inaddition,ChinashallmakeavailabletoWTOMembers,uponrequest,alllaws,regulationsandothermeasurespertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,TRIPSorthecontrolofforeignexchangebeforesuchmeasuresareimplementedorenforced.Inemergencysituations,laws,regulationsandothermeasuresshallbemadeavailableatthelatestwhentheyareimplementedorenforced.

2.Chinashallestablishordesignateanofficialjournaldedicatedtothepublicationofalllaws,regulationsandothermeasurespertainingtooraffectingtradeingoods,services,TRIPSorthecontrolofforeignexchangeand,afterpublicationofitslaws,regulationsorothermeasuresinsuchjournal,shallprovideareasonableperiodforcommenttotheappropriateauthoritiesbeforesuchmeasuresareimplemented,exceptforthoselaws,regulationsandothermeasuresinvolvingnationalsecurity,specificmeasuressettingforeignexchangeratesormonetarypolicyandothermeasuresthepublicationofwhichwouldimpedelawenforcement.Chinashallpublishthisjournalonaregularbasisandmakecopiesofallissuesofthisjournalreadilyavailabletoindividualsandenterprises.

3.Chinashallestablishordesignateanenquirypointwhere,uponrequestofanyindividual,enterpriseorWTOMemberallinformationrelatingtothemeasuresrequiredtobepublishedunderparagraph2(C)1ofthisProtocolmaybeobtained.Repliestorequestsforinformationshallgenerallybeprovidedwithin30daysafterreceiptofarequest.Inexceptionalcases,repliesmaybeprovidedwithin45daysafterreceiptofarequest.Noticeofthedelayandthereasonsthereforshallbeprovidedinwritingtotheinterestedparty.RepliestoWTOMembersshallbecompleteandshallrepresenttheauthoritativeviewoftheChinesegovernment.Accurateandreliableinformationshallbeprovidedtoindividualsandenterprises.

(D)JudicialReview

1.Chinashallestablish,ordesignate,andmaintaintribunals,contactpointsandproceduresforthepromptreviewofalladministrativeactionsrelatingtotheimplementationoflaws,regulations,judicialdecisionsandadministrativerulingsofgeneralapplicationreferredtoinArticleX:1oftheGATT1994,ArticleVIoftheGATSandtherelevantprovisionsoftheTRIPSAgreement.Suchtribunalsshallbeimpartialandindependentoftheagencyentrustedwithadministrativeenforcementandshallnothaveanysubstantialinterestintheoutcomeofthematter.

2.Reviewproceduresshallincludetheopportunityforappeal,withoutpenalty,byindividualsorenterprisesaffectedbyanyadministrativeactionsubjecttoreview.Iftheinitialrightofappealistoanadministrativebody,thereshallinallcasesbetheopportunitytochoosetoappealthedecisiontoajudicialbody.Noticeofthedecisiononappealshallbegiventotheappellantandthereasonsforsuchdecisionshallbeprovidedinwriting.Theappellantshallalsobeinformedofanyrighttofurtherappeal.

3.Non-discrimination

ExceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisProtocol,foreignindividualsandenterprisesandforeign-fundedenterprisesshallbeaccordedtreatmentnolessfavourablethanthataccordedtootherindividualsandenterprisesinrespectof:

(a)theprocurementofinputsandgoodsandservicesnecessaryforproductionandtheconditionsunderwhichtheirgoodsareproduced,marketedorsold,inthedomesticmarketandforexport;and

(b)thepricesandavailabilityofgoodsandservicessuppliedbynationalandsub-nationalauthoritiesandpublicorstateenterprises,inareasincludingtransportation,energy,basictelecommunications,otherutilitiesandfactorsofproduction.

4.SpecialTradeArrangements

Uponaccession,ChinashalleliminateorbringintoconformitywiththeWTOAgreementallspecialtradearrangements,includingbartertradearrangements,withthirdcountriesandseparatecustomsterritories,whicharenotinconformitywiththeWTOAgreement.

5.RighttoTrade

1.WithoutprejudicetoChina"srighttoregulatetradeinamannerconsistentwiththeWTOAgreement,Chinashallprogressivelyliberalizetheavailabilityandscopeoftherighttotrade,sothat,withinthreeyearsafteraccession,allenterprisesinChinashallhavetherighttotradeinallgoodsthroughoutthecustomsterritoryofChina,exceptforthosegoodslistedinAnnex2AwhichcontinuetobesubjecttostatetradinginaccordancewiththisProtocol.Suchrighttotradeshallbetherighttoimportandexportgoods.AllsuchgoodsshallbeaccordednationaltreatmentunderArticleIIIoftheGATT1994,especiallyparagraph4thereof,inrespectoftheirinternalsale,offeringforsale,purchase,transportation,distributionoruse,includingtheirdirectaccesstoend-users.ForthosegoodslistedinAnnex2B,ChinashallphaseoutlimitationonthegrantoftradingrightspursuanttothescheduleinthatAnnex.Chinashallcompleteallnecessarylegislativeprocedurestoimplementtheseprovisionsduringthetransitionperiod.

2.ExceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisProtocol,allforeignindividualsandenterprises,includingthosenotinvestedorregisteredinChina,shallbeaccordedtreatmentnolessfavourablethanthataccordedtoenterprisesinChinawithrespecttotherighttotrade.

6.StateTrading

1.Chinashallensurethatimportpurchasingproceduresofstatetradingenterprisesarefullytransparent,andincompliancewiththeWTOAgreement,andshallrefrainfromtakinganymeasuretoinfluenceordirectstatetradingenterprisesastothequantity,value,orcountryoforiginofgoodspurchasedorsold,exceptinaccordancewiththeWTOAgreement.

2.AspartofChina"snotificationundertheGATT1994andtheUnderstandingontheInterpretationofArticleXVIIoftheGATT1994,Chinashallalsoprovidefullinformationonthepricingmechanismsofitsstatetradingenterprisesforexportedgoods.

7.Non-TariffMeasures

1.ChinashallimplementthescheduleforphasedeliminationofthemeasurescontainedinAnnex3.DuringtheperiodsspecifiedinAnnex3,theprotectionaffordedbythemeasureslistedinthatAnnexshallnotbeincreasedorexpandedinsize,scopeorduration,norshallanynewmeasuresbeapplied,unlessinconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheWTOAgreement.

2.InimplementingtheprovisionsofArticlesIIIandXIoftheGATT1994andtheAgreementonAgriculture,Chinashalleliminateandshallnotintroduce,re-introduceorapplynon-tariffmeasuresthatcannotbejustifiedundertheprovisionsoftheWTOAgreement.Forallnon-tariffmeasures,whetherornotreferredtoinAnnex3,thatareappliedafterthedateofaccession,consistentwiththeWTOAgreementorthisProtocol,ChinashallallocateandotherwiseadministersuchmeasuresinstrictconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheWTOAgreement,includingGATT1994andArticleXIIIthereof,andtheAgreementonImportLicensingProcedures,includingnotificationrequirements.

3.Chinashall,uponaccession,complywiththeTRIMsAgreement,withoutrecoursetotheprovisionsofArticle5oftheTRIMsAgreement.Chinashalleliminateandceasetoenforcetradeandforeignexchangebalancingrequirements,localcontentandexportorperformancerequirementsmadeeffectivethroughlaws,regulationsorothermeasures.Moreover,Chinawillnotenforceprovisionsofcontractsimposingsuchrequirements.WithoutprejudicetotherelevantprovisionsofthisProtocol,Chinashallensurethatthedistributionofimportlicences,quotas,tariffratequotas,oranyothermeansofapprovalforimportation,therightofimportationorinvestmentbynationalandsubnationalauthorities,isnotconditionedon:whethercompetingdomesticsuppliersofsuchproductsexist;orperformancerequirementsofanykind,suchaslocalcontent,offsets,thetransferoftechnology,exportperformanceortheconductofresearchanddevelopmentinChina.

4.Importandexportprohibitionsandrestrictions,andlicensingrequirementsaffectingimportsandexportsshallonlybeimposedandenforcedbythenationalauthoritiesorbysub-nationalauthoritieswithauthorizationfromthenationalauthorities.Suchmeasureswhicharenotimposedbythenationalauthoritiesorbysub-nationalauthoritieswithauthorizationfromthenationalauthorities,shallnotbeimplementedorenforced.

8.ImportandExportLicensing

1.InimplementingtheWTOAgreementandprovisionsoftheAgreementonImportLicensingProcedures,Chinashallundertakethefollowingmeasurestofacilitatecompliancewiththeseagreements:

(a)Chinashallpublishonaregularbasisthefollowingintheofficialjournalreferredtoinparagraph2(C)2ofthisProtocol:

–byproduct,thelistofallorganizations,includingthoseorganizationsdelegatedsuchauthoritybythenationalauthorities,thatareresponsibleforauthorizingorapprovingimportsorexports,whetherthroughgrantoflicenceorotherapproval;

–proceduresandcriteriaforobtainingsuchimportorexportlicencesorotherapprovals,andtheconditionsfordecidingwhethertheyshouldbegranted;

–alistofallproducts,bytariffnumber,thataresubjecttotenderingrequirements,includinginformationonproductssubjecttosuchtenderingrequirementsandanychanges,pursuanttotheAgreementonImportLicensingProcedures;

–alistofallgoodsandtechnologieswhoseimportorexportarerestrictedorprohibited;thesegoodsshallalsobenotifiedtotheCommitteeonImportLicensing;

–anychangestothelistofgoodsandtechnologieswhoseimportandexportarerestrictedorprohibited.

CopiesofthesesubmissionsinoneormoreofficiallanguagesoftheWTOshallbeforwardedtotheWTOforcirculationtoWTOMembersandforsubmissiontotheCommitteeonImportLicensingwithin75daysofeachpublication.

(b)ChinashallnotifytheWTOofalllicensingandquotarequirementsremainingineffectafteraccession,listedseparatelybyHStarifflineandwiththequantitiesassociatedwiththerestriction,ifany,andthejustificationformaintainingtherestrictionoritsscheduleddateoftermination.

(c)ChinashallsubmitthenotificationofitsimportlicensingprocedurestotheCommitteeonImportLicensing.ChinashallreportannuallytotheCommitteeonImportLicensingonitsautomaticimportlicensingprocedures,explainingthecircumstanceswhichgiverisetotheserequirementsandjustifyingtheneedfortheircontinuation.ThisreportshallalsoprovidetheinformationlistedinArticle3oftheAgreementonImportLicensingProcedures.

(d)Chinashallissueimportlicencesforaminimumdurationofvalidityofsixmonths,exceptwhereexceptionalcircumstancesmakethisimpossible.Insuchcases,ChinashallpromptlynotifytheCommitteeonImportLicensingoftheexceptionalcircumstancesrequiringtheshorterperiodoflicencevalidity.

2.ExceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisProtocol,foreignindividualsandenterprisesandforeign-fundedenterprisesshallbeaccordedtreatmentnolessfavourablethanthataccordedtootherindividualsandenterprisesinrespectofthedistributionofimportandexportlicencesandquotas.

9.PriceControls

1.Chinashall,subjecttoparagraph2below,allowpricesfortradedgoodsandservicesineverysectortobedeterminedbymarketforces,andmulti-tierpricingpracticesforsuchgoodsandservicesshallbeeliminated.

2.ThegoodsandserviceslistedinAnnex4maybesubjecttopricecontrols,consistentwiththeWTOAgreement,inparticularArticleIIIoftheGATT1994andAnnex2,paragraphs3and4oftheAgreementonAgriculture.Exceptinexceptionalcircumstances,andsubjecttonotificationtotheWTO,pricecontrolsshallnotbeextendedtogoodsorservicesbeyondthoselistedinAnnex4,andChinashallmakebesteffortstoreduceandeliminatethesecontrols.

3.Chinashallpublishintheofficialjournalthelistofgoodsandservicessubjecttostatepricingandchangesthereto.

10.Subsidies

1.ChinashallnotifytheWTOofanysubsidywithinthemeaningofArticle1oftheAgreementonSubsidiesandCountervailingMeasures("SCMAgreement"),grantedormaintainedinitsterritory,organizedbyspecificproduct,includingthosesubsidiesdefinedinArticle3oftheSCMAgreement.Theinformationprovidedshouldbeasspecificaspossible,followingtherequirementsofthequestionnaireonsubsidiesasnotedinArticle25oftheSCMAgreement.

2.ForpurposesofapplyingArticles1.2and2oftheSCMAgreement,subsidiesprovidedtostate-ownedenterpriseswillbeviewedasspecificif,interalia,stateownedenterprisesarethepredominantrecipientsofsuchsubsidiesorstateownedenterprisesreceivedisproportionatelylargeamountsofsuchsubsidies.

3.ChinashalleliminateallsubsidyprogrammesfallingwithinthescopeofArticle3oftheSCMAgreementuponaccession.

11.TaxesandChargesLeviedonImportsandExports

1.Chinashallensurethatcustomsfeesorchargesappliedoradministeredbynationalorsub-nationalauthorities,shallbeinconformitywiththeGATT1994.

2.Chinashallensurethatinternaltaxesandcharges,includingvalue-addedtaxes,appliedoradministeredbynationalorsub-nationalauthoritiesshallbeinconformitywiththeGATT1994.

3.ChinashalleliminatealltaxesandchargesappliedtoexportsunlessspecificallyprovidedforinAnnex6ofthisProtocolorappliedinconformitywiththeprovisionsofArticleVIIIoftheGATT1994.

4.Foreignindividualsandenterprisesandforeign-fundedenterprisesshall,uponaccession,beaccordedtreatmentnolessfavourablethanthataccordedtootherindividualsandenterprisesinrespectoftheprovisionofbordertaxadjustments.

12.Agriculture

1.ChinashallimplementtheprovisionscontainedinChina"sScheduleofConcessionsandCommitmentsonGoodsand,asspecificallyprovidedinthisProtocol,thoseoftheAgreementonAgriculture.Inthiscontext,Chinashallnotmaintainorintroduceanyexportsubsidiesonagriculturalproducts.

2.Chinashall,undertheTransitionalReviewMechanism,notifyfiscalandothertransfersbetweenoramongstate-ownedenterprisesintheagriculturalsector(whethernationalorsub-national)andotherenterprisesthatoperateasstatetradingenterprisesintheagriculturalsector.

13.TechnicalBarrierstoTrade

1.Chinashallpublishintheofficialjournalallcriteria,whetherformalorinformal,thatarethebasisforatechnicalregulation,standardorconformityassessmentprocedure.

2.Chinashall,uponaccession,bringintoconformitywiththeTBTAgreementalltechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentprocedures.

3.ChinashallapplyconformityassessmentprocedurestoimportedproductsonlytodeterminecompliancewithtechnicalregulationsandstandardsthatareconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisProtocolandtheWTOAgreement.Conformityassessmentbodieswilldeterminetheconformityofimportedproductswithcommercialtermsofcontractsonlyifauthorizedbythepartiestosuchcontract.Chinashallensurethatsuchinspectionofproductsforcompliancewiththecommercialtermsofcontractsdoesnotaffectcustomsclearanceorthegrantingofimportlicencesforsuchproducts.

4.(a)Uponaccession,Chinashallensurethatthesametechnicalregulations,standardsandconformityassessmentproceduresareappliedtobothimportedanddomesticproducts.Inordertoensureasmoothtransitionfromthecurrentsystem,Chinashallensurethat,uponaccession,allcertification,safetylicensing,andqualitylicensingbodiesandagenciesareauthorizedtoundertaketheseactivitiesforbothimportedanddomesticproducts,andthat,oneyearafteraccession,allconformityassessmentbodiesandagenciesareauthorizedtoundertakeconformityassessmentforbothimportedanddomesticproducts.Thechoiceofbodyoragencyshallbeatthediscretionoftheapplicant.Forimportedanddomesticproducts,allbodiesandagenciesshallissuethesamemarkandchargethesamefee.Theyshallalsoprovidethesameprocessingperiodsandcomplaintprocedures.Importedproductsshallnotbesubjecttomorethanoneconformityassessment.ChinashallpublishandmakereadilyavailabletootherWTOMembers,individuals,andenterprisesfullinformationontherespectiveresponsibilitiesofitsconformityassessmentbodiesandagencies.

(b)Nolaterthan18monthsafteraccession,Chinashallassigntherespectiveresponsibilitiesofitsconformityassessmentbodiessolelyonthebasisofthescopeofworkandt

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